Fort Lauderdale domestic violence lawyer

April 12, 2024

Police in Florida Domestic Violence Cases Must Now Ask These 12 Questions

By The Law Offices of Richard Ansara, P.A.

A new rule for Florida domestic violence investigations requires police responding to such calls to ask a dozen mandatory questions.

New Mandatory Florida Domestic Violence Questions

If police in Florida (including Broward, Palm Beach, and Miami-Dade Counties) are called to the scene of a suspected domestic violence incident, they are now required to ask the suspected victim ALL of the following questions:

Has the other person ever used a weapon against you or threatened you with a weapon?
Has he/she/they ever threatened to kill you or your kids?
Do you believe he/she/they will try to kill you?
Has the other person ever choked you or attempted to choke you?
Does he/she/they have a gun or could they easily get one?
Is the other person violently or constantly jealous? Or do they control most of your daily activities?
Did you leave or separate after living together or being married?
Is the other person unemployed?
To the best of your knowledge, do you know if the other person has ever tried to kill themselves?
Do you have a child the other person believes is not his/her/their biological child?
Have they ever followed you? Spied on you? Left threatening messages for you?
Is there anything else that worries you about your safety? If yes, what is it that worries you?

This information must be detailed in a written report that clearly indicates the alleged offense is one of domestic violence. That report – which will ultimately become public – is then given to the officer’s supervisor and filed with the agency. If the person answers “yes” to any of the first 4 questions or the last question, they’re referred to a the nearest domestic violence shelter. Same if they answer yes to at least 4 of questions 5-11. Even if they answer “no” to all questions, it’s at the officer’s discretion whether to refer them to a shelter or DV advocate.

But just because officers are required to ask these questions doesn’t mean the person is required to give answers.

And if you are the person suspected of being the aggressor, we understand it can be tempting to jump in and correct or clarify – particularly if the person being questioned is giving police incorrect or misleading information. However, this is a good time to exercise your right to remain silent. Keep in mind that officers aren’t just listening to the answers of the person to whom they’re speaking. They’re watching your reactions too. Anything that could be interpreted as aggressive or intimidating (even just slightly raising your voice or talking over someone) is going to be noted and could be used against you in a court of law. The very best thing to do here is stay silent, calm, and leave the talking to a Fort Lauderdale criminal defense attorney.

New Police Protocol Promoted by Gabby Petito’s Parents

As a Fort Lauderdale domestic violence defense attorney can explain, this new line of mandatory police questioning in Florida domestic violence investigations is the result of Senate Bill 1224, the Gabby Petito Act. The 22-year-old New York woman was reportedly slain by her boyfriend in Wyoming while the two were on a 2021 cross-country trip that originated in Florida. About a month after her death, her boyfriend took responsibility for her death in a note before committing suicide in a Florida swamp. Continue reading

June 28, 2023

How Much Does Victim Testimony Matter in a Broward Domestic Violence Case?

By The Law Offices of Richard Ansara, P.A.

Recently, Florida prosecutors dropped criminal domestic violence charges against a professional boxer who had been accused of striking his ex-girlfriend in front of their child. Part of what factored into that decision was that the defendant agreed to complete an Anger Management class and both agreed to begin meeting with a counselor to work on peaceful, effective co-parenting strategies. But probably the biggest reason? The victim recanted her testimony and insisted she no longer wanted to proceed with the case.

According to local media reports, the pair were arguing over use of a vehicle when the defendant allegedly hit the woman on the side of her head with a closed hand. She called police twice, at one point telling dispatchers that the defendant had attacked and was going to kill her. He was arrested on misdemeanor charges, and bonded out. A few days later, the woman told investigators he’d never harmed her or their daughter, and said they were both responsible for the fight. She no longer wished to proceed with the case.

This raises the question: How much does a victim’s testimony truly matter in a Broward domestic violence case?

The answer depends on the unique facts of the situation, but a victim’s testimony is typically central to a domestic violence case. However, their cooperation is not. As a Fort Lauderdale domestic violence defense lawyers can explain, an alleged victim is not empowered to unilaterally decide whether to drop a domestic violence case or proceed with it. That’s because even though they are the person wronged, the charges actually refer to a violation of state law. So it’s the state’s case and decision whether to press on – not the victim’s.

Of course, as in most criminal cases, the testimony of a credible victim can be as powerful as any physical evidence. If the story changes or is recanted, their credibility is compromised and the case becomes harder to pursue.

However, Florida domestic violence cases are unique compared to other types of criminal matters. The reason is because it is incredibly common for alleged victims of domestic violence to recant or refuse to cooperate, courts courts have made special evidence exceptions to make it easier for prosecutors to get around the issue and still pursue these “victimless prosecutions.” Perhaps the most commonly-employed workaround is the hearsay exception. Continue reading

December 5, 2022

Fighting to Dissolve a Florida Domestic Violence Injunction – Even Decades Later

By The Law Offices of Richard Ansara, P.A.

A Florida domestic violence injunction has the potential to significantly impact the respondent for years to come. An injunction will show up on background checks, impacting your ability to obtain certain types of employment, travel freedoms, clearance for certain government jobs, and your right to own a firearm and ammunition. Any violations are considered criminal and can result in arrest and prosecution.

Once you have a permanent domestic violence injunction against you, it can last indefinitely – removable only if you petition the court and successfully prove a material change in circumstances that removes the claimant’s previously reasonable continuing fear of becoming a victim of domestic violence. Filing a motion with the court asking for dissolution of a Florida domestic violence injunction is best done with the assistance of an experienced domestic violence defense attorney.

As illustrated in the recent case of Bak v. Bak before Florida’s Fourth District Court of Appeals, fighting for dissolution of a domestic violence injunction can take years – decades, even. But the fact that it’s still worth it to do so even after all those years just goes to further underscore the importance of putting up a strong defense against having them issued in the first place.

The Bak case goes all the way back to the summer of 1999, when the former wife alleged her then-husband was abusive toward her. The judge granted a temporary injunction (which isn’t difficult to obtain in Florida, as it only requires testimony and evidence from the petitioner). A couple weeks later, a permanent injunction was filed, and the pair divorced shortly thereafter.

Thirteen years passed. In 2012, the husband asked the court to have the injunction dissolved, arguing that changed circumstances had made it equitable to do so. As noted by the court, success in this argument would require the moving party to show that the scenario underlying the injunction no longer exists so that continuation of the injunction no longer serves a valid purpose (as pointed out in the 2011 Fla. 1st DCA case of Alkhoury v. Alkhoury). The request was denied. Two years later, he again requested an end to the injunction – and was again denied. In that ruling, the judge cited the ex-wife’s reasonable continuing fear based on the fact that their minor child still lived at her home. Another five years passed. He filed a third request to have the Florida domestic violence injunction dissolved. Again, the trial court denied his request. But instead of accepting this decision as final, he appealed – and prevailed.

According to the 4th DCA, the former husband made a number of compelling arguments, including: Continue reading

October 12, 2022

Fort Lauderdale Criminal Defense Lawyer Explains the Three Levels of Police Encounters

By The Law Offices of Richard Ansara, P.A.

When Florida law enforcement officers interact with the public in the course of their duties, there are three levels of interaction that will dictate how any search or seizure in the course of that interaction will be judged from a legal perspective.

These three levels of interaction are:

Consensual encounters.
Detention or investigative stops.
Arrests.

Within each of these interactions, the person involved has constitutionally-protected rights. But those constitutional protections are different at each level. If those rights are violated, then it is more likely that your Fort Lauderdale criminal defense lawyer will have some success in convincing the court to suppress evidence gleaned in that interaction. Here, we review the rights and protections at each level.

Consensual Encounters

Consensual encounters with police in Florida don’t require officers to establish any sort of evidence of wrongdoing. There’s no bright line rule for when an encounter is consensual vs. investigative, but we can say that a key aspect of consensual police encounters is that the person at the center of the interaction is free to leave.

The lines can get a little fuzzy because courts have held that law enforcement is allowed during a consensual encounter to ask you questions, ask to see your ID, might even ask to search your vehicle. If they say or imply that complying with their requests is mandatory, then it’s no longer a consensual encounter. However, police encounters can often be intimidating and people sometimes feel they don’t have much of a choice – even when they do. If you consent to answer questions or to be searched during a consensual encounter, it can be difficult to challenge any evidence gleaned from that – because you freely agreed to it. You’re often better off keeping your answers brief, politely declining any requests to search, and asking point blank whether you’re free to go.

In determining whether a police interaction began with a consensual encounter (as opposed to an investigative stop), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the 1980 case of U.S. v. Mendenhall that courts should examine the totality of circumstances – and specifically, whether a reasonable person believed themselves free to go. Continue reading

September 28, 2022

Florida Court Weighs Domestic Violence Battery by Strangulation Case

By The Law Offices of Richard Ansara, P.A.

In Florida, domestic violence battery by strangulation is codified in F.S. 784.041. It’s a very serious felony charge, with those convicted facing years in prison, thousands in fines, and extensive probationary requirements.

Recently, Florida’s 4th District Court of Appeal considered a case of domestic violence battery by strangulation. The defendant argued state prosecutors erred in denying his motion for acquittal because the state failed to prove that he impeded the victim’s normal breathing and created a risk of great bodily harm with application of pressure to the victim’s throat.

The appellate court rejected this argument in Dennis v. Florida, and thus affirmed the trial court’s guilty verdict.

To understand what goes into a decision like this, we must first look at the statute to know exactly how Florida defines domestic violence battery by strangulation.

As our Fort Lauderdale domestic violence defense lawyers can explain, to secure a conviction on this charge, prosecutors must prove all of the following:

A person knowingly, intentionally, and against the while of another impedes the other person’s normal breathing or circulation of blood.
This act created a risk of or caused great bodily harm by applying pressure to the throat or neck of the other person OR by blocking the mouth or nose of the other person.
The alleged victim in the case was a family or household member of the defendant, as defined in F.S. 741.28(3), or was involved in a dating relationship, defined as a significant relationship of a romantic or intimate nature.

This crime in Florida is a third-degree felony, meaning it carries a maximum five years in prison, five years probation, and $5,000 fine.

In this case, the pair were boyfriend-girlfriend and they began fighting after the girlfriend shared a dream she’d had the night before in which she cheated on him. This led to an on-off, weekend-long spat between the two. Continue reading

November 15, 2021

What to Know if You’re Facing Fort Lauderdale Domestic Violence Battery Charges

By The Law Offices of Richard Ansara, P.A.

Domestic violence allegations are taken very seriously by authorities in South Florida. If you’re arrested for domestic violence battery, you must take the charges seriously and quickly “lawyer up” if you hope to avoid the most significant penalties and long-term consequences. Hiring a lawyer is not an indicator of guilt, but rather can help mitigate the impact of the charges on your life – particularly your job and future opportunities, as well as your right to bear arms.

Those accused may not be inclined to concern themselves much about unfounded accusations, presuming it’ll all be sorted out fairly in court. But as our Fort Lauderdale criminal defense lawyers can explain, cultural forces have imposed increasing pressure on law enforcement agencies and prosecutors increasingly to make arrests and secure convictions in domestic violence cases. The truth may not be enough to set you free. What will is immediate legal advice from a knowledgeable, experienced South Florida domestic violence attorney.

What is Domestic Violence Battery in Florida?

According to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, there were approximately 105,000 reported Florida domestic violence arrests in a single recent year. Per F.S. 741.49, officers responding to an alleged report of domestic violence who decide not to arrest anyone are required to provide reasons why they chose not to arrest anyone.

State law defines domestic violence as any means of assault, aggravated assault, battery, aggravated battery, sexual assault, sexual battery, stalking, aggravated stalking, kidnapping, false imprisonment, or any other criminal offense resulting in physical injury or death of one family member, household member, former romantic partner, or co-parent against another. Domestic violence battery involves the intentional and actual touching or striking of another individual without their consent or the intentional infliction of bodily harm. It is typically charged as a first-degree misdemeanor, which is the highest level of misdemeanor with a penalty of up to 12 months in jail and/or 12 months of probation, as well as a maximum fine of $1,000. The law further stipulates that if injury resulted, there is a five day minimum mandatory jail term, plus a mandatory 29-week batterer’s intervention program. It’s considered a deportable offense by immigration services. It will result in the revocation of any concealed weapons permits, and the forfeiture of any guns while on probation – even for misdemeanor battery charges. No contact orders or injunctions may be imposed. There could be adverse impacts on the child custody/parenting time order. Community service may also be ordered. You may be barred from certain types of employment and housing in the future, as your record will always be visible; domestic violence charges can never be expunged or sealed, even if adjudication is withheld. You may be barred from obtaining certain types of loans and security clearance if you’re convicted. Continue reading